Assessment of the efficacy of olopatadine 0.1% in the treatment of vernal keratoconjunctivitis in terms of clinical improvement based on total ocular symptom score and ocular surface disease index

Purpose: The main objective of this study is to explore the efficacy of olopatadine 0.1% treatment in the resolution of symptoms of vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) among the Indian population. Methods: This single?center, prospective cohort study involved 234 patients with VKC. Patients were treated with olopatadine 0.1%, twice daily for a period of 12 weeks and then followed up in 1st week, 4th week, 3rd month, and 6th month. The extent of relief in the symptoms of VKC was measured using total ocular symptom score (TOSS) and ocular surface disease index (OSDI). Results: In the present study, the dropout rate was 5.6%. Total of 136 males and 85 females with a mean age of 37.68 ± 11.35 years completed the study. TOSS score reduced from 58.85 to 5.06 and the OSDI score reduced from 75.41 to 11.2 with statistical significance (P < 0.01) from 1st week to 6th week after olopatadine 0.1% treatment. The data showed relief in subjective symptoms of itching, tearing, and redness, and relief in discomfort in functions related to ocular grittiness, visuals like reading, and environmental like tolerability in dry conditions. Further, olopatadine 0.1% was effective in both males and females, and patients across ages 18–70 years. Conclusion: Based on TOSS and OSDI scores, the findings of this study validate safety and tolerability as revealed by low adverse effects and moderate efficacy of olopatadine 0.1% in reducing VKC symptoms in a broader age group (18–70 years) of both genders.

Clinical presentation and fungal species distribution in otomycosis in a tertiary care hospital

Objective: Otomycosis is a common fungal ear infection in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. This study aimed to perform mycological analysis on fungal debris from the external auditory canals of the patients to study the most common clinical presentation and fungal species distribution in otomycosis. Materials and Methods: Patients who met the inclusion criteria for this cross-sectional study were included and evaluated after providing written informed consent. After obtaining a thorough medical history, ear swabs for culture, sensitivity, and potassium hydroxide were provided. Patients with positive culture results were studied between September 2019 and March 2021. Results: Among 103 cases observed for 18 months in the Department of ENT, Rajarajeswari Medical College, and Hospital, Bengaluru, India, we found that males (56.31%) were more affected than females (43.68%). Itching (67.96%) was the most primary and common symptom that was observed, followed by pain (20.38%), and the most common predisposing factor was the usage of earbuds (26.21%) followed by water in the ear (23.3%) and oil in the ear (16.50%). Unilateral infection was most common (96%), and the left ear was most affected (64.07%). Aspergillus niger was the most common fungal isolate (60.19%), and otomycosis was very common in postmonsoon (October–December) (58.25%). Conclusion: The most frequent fungal isolates in otomycosis are from the Aspergillus and Candida species. The left ear was typically affected by otomycosis, which frequently had a unilateral predominance. The most common clinical symptoms were itching and pain.

Study on the application and effect of adjustable mirabilite external vest in severe acute pancreatitis / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To investigate the clinical effect of homemade adjustable mirabilite vest in patients with severe acute pancreatitis and supply reference for clinical nursing.Methods:This was a randomized controlled study. One hundred patients with acute severe pancreatitis admitted to Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from January 2021 to June 2022 were selected, and were divided into the pocket group and the vest group according to the order of admission with 50 cases in each group. The pocket group used traditional mirabilite bag for external application, the vest group used adjustable mirabilite vest for external application. The other treatment measures were the same for both two group. The comfort degree, itching severity and average length of hospital stay of these two groups were compared.Results:The basic data of the two groups were homogeneous. The difference were not statistically significant( P>0.05). After intervention, the comfort degree of the pocket group was (65.90 ± 7.95) points while the comfort degree of the vest group was (77.04 ± 5.96) points. The difference was statistically significant ( t = 7.93, P<0.01). The degree of pruritus was (12.72 ± 3.95) points in the pocket group and (8.00 ± 1.20) points in the vest group.The difference was statistically significant ( t = 8.08, P<0.05). The mean length of hospital stay in the pocket group was (15.86 ± 5.83) days and (11.02 ± 3.38) days in the vest group. The difference was statistically significant ( t = 5.08, P<0.01). Conclusions:When using topical mirabilite for patients with acute severe pancreatitis, the use of adjustable mirabilite vest can significantly improve patients′ comfort, reduce itching, and reduce the number of hospital days, which has the value of promotion and use.

A Randomized Clinical Trial on Therapeutic Effects of Myrtus communis L. Cream on Chronic Skin Lesions and Quality of Life of Sulfur Mustard-exposed Veterans

Abstract: Sulfur mustard is one of the chemical warfare agent. It rapidly reacts with the cutaneous tissues and other tissues, leading to various devastating long-term effects on human health. Mustard-exposed veterans suffer from its chronic skin problems, including itching, burning sensation, and eczema. We aimed to evaluate the protective effects of Myrtus communis L. (myrtle) on chronic skin lesions and quality of life of sulfur mustard-exposed veterans. In this randomized, double-blind clinical trial, 60 sulfur mustard-exposed patients were evaluated. Thirty patients received myrtle essence 5% cream (case group) and 30 patients received Eucerin cream (placebo group) twice in a day for one month. Then, We assessed the chronic skin problems and itching-related parameters (such as the itching time, severity, distribution, frequency, and calculated itching score), duration of sleep, number of waking up at night, and quality of life in the both groups. Our analysis of data revealed that application of myrtle cream effectively decreased skin problems including; itching and burning sensation. Additionally, myrtle markedly decreased skin lesion symptoms such as excoriation in the case group as compared with before treatment. Noticeably, myrtle cream significantly improved quality of life of the patients in the case group. The present study provides more in-depth information regarding the protective role of myrtle on the sulfur mustard-induces skin complication. Also, myrtle effectively improved quality of life of the sulfur mustard-exposed veterans.

Lynxacarus radovskyi (Acari: Listrophoridae) in a domestic cat from Espírito Santo, Brazil / Lynxacarus radovskyi (Acari: Listrophoridae) em gato doméstico no Espírito Santo, Brasil

Lynxacarus radovskyi is of uncommon occurrence and there are few reports in the state of Espírito Santo, Southeastern Brazil. The purpose of the present note is to record the occurrence of L. radovskyi in a Persian domestic cat in Vila Velha, Espírito Santo, Brazil. The animal was asymptomatic, without evidence of dermatological signs. The present report can be informative, once the lack of knowledge in relation to the ectoparasite presence and potential of spread in the regional cat population is constant in the veterinary medicine practice,may cause underreporting of infestations.

Lynxacarus radovskyi é de ocorrência incomum e existem poucos relatos no estado do Espírito Santo, Sudeste do Brasil. O objetivo do presente relato foi reportar a ocorrência de L. radovskyi em felino doméstico da raça Persa em Vila Velha, Espírito Santo, Brasil. O animal apresentava-se assintomático à infestação, sem evidências de alterações dermatológicas. Este relato pode ser informativo, uma vez que a falta de conhecimento em relação à presença e potencial disseminativo deste ectoparasito é constante na prática da Medicina Veterinária, podendo causar subnotificações das infestações.

Lynxacarus radovskyi (Acari: Listrophoridae) in a domestic cat from Espírito Santo, Brazil / Lynxacarus radovskyi (Acari: Listrophoridae) em gato doméstico no Espírito Santo, Brasil

Lynxacarus radovskyi is of uncommon occurrence and there are few reports in the state of Espírito Santo, Southeastern Brazil. The purpose of the present note is to record the occurrence of L. radovskyi in a Persian domestic cat in Vila Velha, Espírito Santo, Brazil. The animal was asymptomatic, without evidence of dermatological signs. The present report can be informative, once the lack of knowledge in relation to the ectoparasite presence and potential of spread in the regional cat population is constant in the veterinary medicine practice,may cause underreporting of infestations.

Lynxacarus radovskyi é de ocorrência incomum e existem poucos relatos no estado do Espírito Santo, Sudeste do Brasil. O objetivo do presente relato foi reportar a ocorrência de L. radovskyi em felino doméstico da raça Persa em Vila Velha, Espírito Santo, Brasil. O animal apresentava-se assintomático à infestação, sem evidências de alterações dermatológicas. Este relato pode ser informativo, uma vez que a falta de conhecimento em relação à presença e potencial disseminativo deste ectoparasito é constante na prática da Medicina Veterinária, podendo causar subnotificações das infestações.

Manifestaciones cutáneas en personal militar joven con diagnóstico Covid 19 - Perú / Skin Manifestations In Young Military Personnel Diagnosed With Covid 19 - Peru

La enfermedad por coronavirus es una infección del tracto respiratorio altamente contagioso causado por el coronavirus del síndrome respiratorio agudo grave. La infección se ha divulgado para demostrar diferentes tipos de manifestaciones cutáneas incluyendo lesiones urticariales, maculopapulares, papulovesiculares, purpuricas, livedoides, y trombótica-isquémica. Dada la alta tasa de mortalidad de la infección, la identificación oportuna y precisa de las manifestaciones cutáneas puede desempeñar un papel clave en el diagnóstico y manejo tempranos.Las manifestaciones cutáneas son comunes en infecciones virales, en el caso de la enfermedad por coronavirus se han reportado diversas manifestaciones, entre ellas las más comunes son: erupción morbilliforme, urticaria, erupciones vesiculares, lesiones acrales, y erupciones livedoides. Algunas de estas manifestaciones cutáneas surgen antes de los signos y síntomas más comúnmente asociados con COVID-19, lo que sugiere que podrían estar presentando signos de COVID-19.Los informes bibliográficos mostraron una gran heterogeneidad en las manifestaciones cutáneas asociadas a COVID-19, así como en sus períodos de latencia y los síntomas extracutáneos asociados. Se desconocen los mecanismos patógenos, aunque se han hipotetizado las funciones de una respuesta inmune hiperactiva, la activación del complemento y la lesión microvascular. Basándonos en nuestra experiencia y los datos bibliográficos, subdividimos las lesiones cutáneas notificadas en seis patrones clínicos principales: (I) erupción urticarial; (II) erupción eritematosa-maculopapular-morbilliforme confluente; (III) exantema papulovesicular; (IV) patrón acral similar a la chilblain; (V) patrón livedo reticularis­livedo racemosa-like; y (VI) patrón "vasculítico" purpúrico. Estos seis patrones se pueden fusionar en dos grupos principales: el primero - inflamatorio y exantematoso - incluye los tres primeros grupos mencionados anteriormente, y el segundo incluye las lesiones vasculopáticas y vasculíticas de los últimos tres grupos.Podemos concluir que las manifestaciones cutáneas son similares a la afectación cutánea que ocurre durante las infecciones virales comunes.

COVID-19 is a highly contagious respiratory tract infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. The infection has been reported to demonstrate different types of skin manifestations including urticarial, maculopapular, papulovesicular, purpuric, livedoid, and thrombotic-ischemic lesions. Given the high mortality rate of the infection, timely and accurate identification of relevant skin manifestations can play a key role in early diagnosis and management.Skin manifestations, a well-known effect of viral infections, are beginning to be reported in patients with COVID-19 disease. These manifestations most often are morbilliform rash, hives, vesicular rashes, acral lesions, and livedoid rashes. Some of these skin manifestations arise before the signs and symptoms most commonly associated with COVID-19, suggesting that they may be showing signs of COVID-19 Bibliographic reports showed great heterogeneity in the skin manifestations associated with COVID-19, as well as in their latency periods and associated extracutaneous symptoms. Pathogenic mechanisms are unknown, although the functions of an overactive immune response, complement activation and microvascular injury have been hypothesized. Based on our experience and bibliographic data, we subdivide reported skin lesions into six main clinical patterns: (I) urticarial rash; (II) erythematous-maculopapular-morbilliforma confluent rash; (III) papulovesicular exanthemum; (IV) chilblain-like acral pattern; (V) livedo reticularis­livedo racemosa-like pattern; and (VI) purpurico "vasculytic" pattern. These six patterns can be fused into two main groups: the first ­ inflammatory and exanthemum ­ includes the first three groups mentioned above, and the second includes vasculopathic and vasculytic lesions of the last three groups.We can conclude that skin manifestations are similar to skin involvement that occurs during common viral infections.

A case analysis of a patient with salmonella infection and allergy to antibiotics / 药学实践杂志

Objective Through clinical pharmacists participating in the treatment of hip prosthesis infection, to explore the factors of Salmonella infection and skin itching, and to increase the importance of Salmonella infection and the pharmaceutical monitoring of adverse reactions of antibiotics. Methods The causes and treatment of Salmonella infection were analyzed by reviewing the literature, monitoring indicators and patient's clinical symptoms, and analyzing the cause of the patient's skin itching, to provide the patient with a reasonable anti-infective treatment plan. Results After several antibacterial drug adjustments during hospitalization, the patient's inflammatory indicators decreased, and the clinical symptoms improved. Conclusion Although the prosthetic joint infection caused by Salmonella is very rare, attention should be paid to the detection of Salmonella. At the same time, clinical pharmacists should increase the monitoring of antibiotics in their daily work.

Microablative fractional radiofrequency as a therapeutic option for vulvar lichen sclerosus: a pilot study

OBJECTIVES: To assess the clinical response to and the histomorphometric effects of microablative fractional radiofrequency (MFR) in women with symptomatic vulvar lichen sclerosus (VLS). METHODS: This was a pilot study on the use of MFR for the treatment of VLS. Upon recruitment and at each treatment session, all participants were examined and each of their symptoms were rated on a visual analog scale. After the procedure, the participants completed a satisfaction questionnaire. We compared the morphometric findings of vulvar biopsies performed at enrollment and after the last treatment session. The participants were divided into three groups according to previous treatment with corticosteroids: G1, no previous treatment; G2, treated for up to 5 years; and G3, treated for >5 years. RESULTS: This study included 26 women. After two to three sessions, most participants in all groups became either "asymptomatic" or "much better" than before treatment and were "very satisfied" or "satisfied" with the intervention. Pruritus and burning sensation were the most frequently reported symptoms. Nearly 40% of the participants in all groups reported complete remission of symptoms. The improvement was rated as moderate or higher by 80%, 76%, and 66% of the women in groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The improvement of symptoms persisted for 11 months (range, 7-16 months), on average, after the treatment. Type III collagen concentration significantly increased and was associated with important symptom improvement. Tissue trophism and vascularization also increased but did not reach statistical significance, probably because of the small number of cases. CONCLUSIONS: MFR may be an effective and safe treatment for symptomatic VLS.

A radiofrequência fracionada no tratamento de líquen escleroso vulvar: um relato de caso / Fractional radiofrequency in the treatment of vulvar lichen sclerosus: a case report

O líquen escleroso vulvar (LEV) é uma doença dermatológica crônica de etiologia incerta, caracterizada por prurido intenso e atrofia progressiva. O corticosteroide tópico de longo prazo é o tratamento de primeira linha para LEV. No entanto, esse tratamento requer a colaboração da paciente, está associado a efeitos colaterais adversos e algumas pacientes não respondem aos corticosteroides. O tratamento com tecnologias térmicas e fototérmicas tem sido estudado como terapia alternativa ou complementar para melhorar os sintomas de LEV e o trofismo cutâneo. A radiofrequência fracionada microablativa é usada em dermatologia para melhorar o trofismo tecidual. Também tem sido usada em pacientes ginecológicas para tratar a atrofia vulvovaginal, estimulando a neocolagênese dérmica e a neoelastogênese. Apresentamos o caso de uma mulher de 39 anos com LEV refratária que foi tratada com aplicações locais de radiofrequência fracionada microablativa. Ela apresentou melhora satisfatória dos sintomas e do trofismo vulvar em longo prazo, sem necessidade do uso de corticosteroides.(AU)

Vulvar lichen sclerosus (VLS) is a chronic dermatological disease of unclear etiology characterized by severe itching and progressive atrophy. Long-term topical corticosteroid is the first-line treatment for VLS. However, this treatment requires patient compliance, is associated with adverse side effects, and some patients do not respond to corticosteroids. Treatment with thermal and photothermal technologies have been studied as alternative or complementary therapies to improve VLS symptoms and skin trophism. Microablative fractional radiofrequency (MFR) is used in dermatology to improve tissue trophism. It has also been used in gynecological patients to treat vulvovaginal atrophy by stimulating dermal neocollagenesis and neoelastinogenesis. We present the case of a 39-year-old woman with refractory VLS who was treated with local applications of microablative fractional radiofrequency. She had satisfactory, long-term, improvement of symptoms and vulvar trophism, and stopped using corticosteroids.(AU)

Dermatosis Perforante Adquirida / Acquired perforating dermatosis

RESUMEN Los trastornos perforantes constituyen un grupo de enfermedades caracterizadas por la extrusión transepidérmica de material dérmico. La etiopatogenia es desconocida, sin embargo, la forma adquirida generalmente se presenta asociada a enfermedades sistémicas como insuficiencia renal y diabetes mellitus, entre otras. El prurito es el síntoma cardinal de esta patología, y clínicamente presenta pápulo-nódulos centrados por costras queratósicas. En cuanto al tratamiento, la dermatosis perforante adquirida (DPA) es de difícil control, con tendencia a la cronicidad. Presentamos el caso de una paciente de género femenino de 57 años de edad, con antecedente de diabetes,hipertensión arterial (HTA), hipotiroidismo e insuficiencia renal, con prurito generalizado de varios meses de evolución.

ABSTRACT Perforating disorders are a group of diseases characterized by transepidermal extrusion of dermal material, it includes reactive perforating collagenosis, perforating folliculitis, elastosis perforansserpiginosa and Kyrle's disease, and in recent years the term acquired perforating dermatosis (APD) has been used to refer to the perforating dermatoses that occur in adult patients associated with systemic disorder (kidney failure, diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism, among others). The etiopathogenesis is still controversial and it is believed that several factors participate in the process, such as traumatism produced by chronic pruritus in predisposed patients, diabetic microangiopathy may contribute to collagen damage and to the microdeposition of substances that are no removed by dialysis, causing local inflamatory reaction. The itching constitudes the main symptom of this pathology, and clinically presents a papulo-nodules centered by keratosis crusts. Differential diagnoses include: nodular prurigo, multiple keratoacanthomas, sarcoid, and other perforating dermatosis. Treatment is difficult, with great tendency to chronicity. We report the case of a 57 year-old female patient, with history of type 2 diabetes, hypothyroidism and renal failure, with itching of several months of evolution.

Prevalence of Itching in Dengue and Its Correlation with Thrombocytopenia in Bundelkhand Region- A Tertiary Care Hospital-Based Study in the Region of Central India.

According to NVBDCP1 dengue is one of the vector born disease responsible for high morbidity as well as mortality in India. Previous studies have concluded that itching is common among dengue patients and could be a prognostic indicator. Our aim was to study the prevalence of itching as a symptom and its association with platelet count at presentation and discharge.METHODSThis is a cross sectional study conducted among 73 patients of acute febrile illness in MLB Medical College, Jhansi, who were diagnosed to have dengue as per NVBDCP guidelines. We designed a proforma and collected data which was further analysed in detail.RESULTSOut of 73 patients, 15 patients (20.5%) developed itching; mean platelet count was comparable at admission, but at the time of discharge mean platelet count was better in itching group when compared to non-itching group (p value 0.0085). Only 2 patients (13.33%) among itching group required blood/platelet transfusion whereas 9 patients (15.52%) among non-itching group required blood/platelet transfusion.CONCLUSIONSThe prevalence of itching was significant in dengue patients and was associated with better rate of correction of thrombocytopenia and there was lesser need of platelet/blood transfusion among itching group.

Evaluation of 0.1% Olopatadine Hydrochloride versus 0.5% Ketorolac Tromethamine Solution in the Management of Allergic Conjunctivitis

Introduction: The term “allergic conjunctivitis” refers to a group of hypersensitivity disorders of eye. This is a commonocular condition which presents with itching, redness, tearing, swelling, burning, fullness in the eye, leading to rubbing ofthe eye, and blurred vision. Histamine, prostaglandins, and mast cell degranulation are important mediators responsiblefor the signs and symptoms of seasonal and perennial allergic conjunctivitis. Olopatadine is a novel drug with dual actionof mast cell stabilizer with blocking of histamine H1 receptors. Ketorolac tromethamine 0.5% ophthalmic solution is a verypotent nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that inhibits the enzyme cyclooxygenase and decreases the synthesisof prostaglandins.Objectives: The objectives of the study were to compare the clinical efficacy and therapeutic effects of 0.1% olopatadinehydrochloride to that of 0.5% ketorolac tromethamine ophthalmic solution with different pharmacological mechanisms in themanagement of seasonal allergic conjunctivitis.Materials and Methods: This was a comparative study that was conducted on patients with allergic conjunctivitis attendingophthalmology outpatient department in a tertiary health-care center during the study period of 1 year. A total of 100 patientswere chosen by purposive sampling method and randomized into two groups. Group A patients were treated with olopatadineand Group B patients were treated with ketorolac and the drugs were instilled twice daily. Patients were evaluated for clinicalsigns and symptoms at baseline and at 30 min, 2 days, 7 days, and 14 days of application of eye drops.Results: The mean age in our study was 27.81 years and had male predominance. There was a significant reduction in thefrequency of all ocular signs and symptoms of hyperemia and itching following initiation of medication. The percentage of nonresponders was comparable between both the groups. Three patients showed increase in hyperemia signs at 30 min postapplication of ketorolac. Adverse reaction was observed in three patients in the ketorolac group.Conclusion: The topical dual-action drug-olopatadine and NSAID-ketorolac both have an attenuating and equivocal effect onthe clinical signs and symptoms of allergic conjunctivitis.

Lack of awareness and knowledge among people with scabies in a questionnaire based cross sectional and observational study

Background: Scabies awareness can decrease the disease health burden. The objective was to assess the awareness and knowledge among people with scabies in a questionnaire based cross sectional, observational study.Methods: Study was questionnaire based, cross sectional, descriptive study. 200 consecutive patients with scabies were enrolled for it.Results: Of the 200 participants, 125 (62.5%) were males and 75 (37.5%) were females. People of all educational levels were affected from scabies ranging from illiterate 25 (12.5%) to graduates 44 (22%). 95 (47.5%) participants did not knew that itching can be because of scabies. 171 (85.5%) participants had no idea of mode of spread of the disease. 199 (99.5%) participants had no knowledge of treatment. None of the participants knew that scabies is preventable.Conclusions: There is a general lack of awareness and knowledge among the people regarding various aspects of scabies. Increased health awareness programmes with more educational and psychosocial support should be provided to the people. Mass drug treatment of scabies in the area should be provided instead of treating the individual patients

Alternativas diagnósticas de escabiose felina / Diagnostic alternatives of feline scabies

A sarna notoédrica é uma doença altamente pruriginosa, causada pelo ácaro Notoedres cati. O diagnóstico consiste na observação do ácaro no material analisado, sendo o raspado cutâneo o método mais utilizado. Outras técnicas têm surgido como alternativas menos invasivas no diagnóstico de sarnas, sobretudo para demodicose em cães, como a de fita de acetato e o arrancamento de pelos, que vêm se mostrando tão sensíveis quanto o raspado cutâneo no diagnóstico de tal dermatopatia. Desse modo, o objetivo deste estudo foi comparar o raspado cutâneo com dois métodos alternativos para diagnóstico de sarna notoédrica em gatos: fita de acetato e arrancamento de pelo, sendo possível concluir que o método da fita é tão sensível quanto o raspado cutâneo, ambos apresentando 100% de sensibilidade. A técnica de arrancamento de pelo apresentou sensibilidade significativamente menor para o diagnóstico de Notoedres cati, resultado esperado, uma vez que esse parasita habita principalmente porções superficiais da derme. Assim, o método da fita de acetato pode ser utilizado de forma eficaz e segura para o diagnóstico de sarna notoédrica em gatos, além de ser menos estressante aos animais, mais rápido e simples do que o raspado cutâneo.(AU)

Notoedric mange is a highly pruritic disease caused by the Notoedres cati mite. The diagnosis consists of the observation of the mite in the material analyzed, skin scrapings is the most used method. Other techniques have emerged as less invasive alternatives in the diagnosis of mange, especially for demodicosis in dogs, such as acetate tape and hair removal, which have shown to be as sensitive as skin scrapings in the diagnosis of such dermatopathy. Thus, the objective of this study was to compare skin scaling with two alternative methods for the diagnosis of notohedral scabies in cats: acetate tape and hair collection, and it is possible to conclude that the acetate tape method is as sensitive as skin scraping, both presenting 100% sensitivity. The hair pulling technique showed significantly lower sensitivity for the diagnosis of Notoedres cati, an expected result, since this parasite inhabits mainly superficial portions of the dermis. Thus, the tape method can be used effectively and safely for the diagnosis of notodroid mange in cats, as well as being less stressful to animals, faster and simpler than skin scraping.(AU)

Pica, a Little-Known Condition in Dentistry. Case Report / Pica, una Condición Poco Conocida en Odontología. Reporte de un Caso

ABSTRACT: Pica is a condition associated with the chronic, compulsive consumption of a particular substance or material that is not considered food. Culturally it is not accepted by society and its nutritional value is non-existent. When this behavior is repeated consistently for more than one month, it is considered to be Pica. This eating disorder does not have a clear etiology, but is associated with; orality in children, psychotic disorders, nutritional deficiencies, psychosocial problems, autism, family problems, OCD, stress, abuse, family separations and other traumatic events. In order to detect it, it is necessary to perform a correct anamnesis, clinical examination, radiographic examination, complementary examinations such as blood count, as well as a relationship of trust between the dentist and the patient are necessary. All of them will be able to guide us and make us come out of suspicion that this harmful behavior exists, since patients often hide it.

RESUMEN: Pica es una condición asociada al consumo compulsivo y crónico de alguna sustancia o material en particular, que no es considerada alimento. Culturalmente no es aceptado por la sociedad y su valor nutricional es inexistente. Cuando esta conducta se repite consiste-ntemente durante más de un mes, se considera como Pica. Este desorden de comportamiento alimenticio no tiene una etiología clara, pero se asocia a la oralidad en niños, trastornos psicóticos, deficiencias nutricionales, problemas psicosociales, autismo, problemas familiares, TOC, estrés, abuso, separaciones familiares y otros eventos traumáticos. Para detectarla, es necesaria una correcta anamnesis, examen clínico, radiográfico, exámenes complementarios como hemograma, además de una relación de confianza rapport odontólogo- paciente. El conjunto de ellos nos podrán guiar y salir de sospecha que esta conducta dañina existe, ya que los pacientes muchas veces lo esconden.

Medication rules of Professor Zhang Bing in treatment of skin itching based on data mining / 中国中药杂志

Skin itching is a subjective sensation that causes the desire to scratch. It is one of the most common clinical symptoms at department of dermatology, even the only complaint of dermatological patients, which seriously affects the quality life of patients. Therefore, based on the software of traditional Chinese medicine inheritance auxiliary platform, association rules and complex system entropy clustering were adopted to collect and analyze Zhang Bing's prescriptions for skin itching, and get the drug use frequency and the relationship between drugs. Based on that, we could conclude the experience for skin itching. A total of 147 prescriptions were collected, 20 drugs with a frequency of 34 or more and 20 high-frequency drug combinations were analyzed, and 14 core combinations and 7 new prescriptions were excavated. The high-frequency drugs included Kochiae Fructus, Dictamni Cortex, Mori Cortex. The high-frequency drug combinations included "Kochiae Fructus-Dictamni Cortex" "Angelicae Dahuricae Radix-Chuanxiong Rhizoma" "Paeoniae Radix Rubra-Paeoniae Radix Alba", and the core combinations included "Schizonepetae Herba-Saposhnikoviae Radix-Cinnamomi Ramulus" "Arctii Fructus-Cicadae Periostracum-Houttuyniae Herba" "Ghrysanthemi Indici Flos-Kochiae Fructus-Dictamni Cortex", and new formulations include "Schizonepetae Herba, Saposhnikoviae Radix, Cinnamomi Ramulus, Clematidis Radix et Rhizoma, Tribuli Fructus, Dictamni Cortex", "Phellodendri Chinensis Coritex, Lonicerae Japonicae Flos, Atractylodis Rhizoma, Ghrysanthemi Indici Flos, Kochiae Fructus, Dictamni Cortex" "Arctii Fructus, Cicadae Periostracum, Houttuyniae Herba, Trichosanthis Fructus". The result of this research shows that Professor Zhang Bing's experience in the treatment of skin itching is mainly to dispelling wind and arresting itching, clearing heat and drying dampness.

N-methyl-D-aspartate Receptor:Potential Role in TreatingNeuraxial Opioid Induced Pruritus / 中国医学科学院学报

Neuraxial opioid administration is one of the most common methods of anesthesia and analgesia,while itching is the most troublesome adverse effect.The current treatments for neuraxial opioid-induced pruritus still have certain limitations.This article reviews the current treatments and basic scientific findings(including neurotransmitters,opioid receptors,and signaling pathways)of pruritus caused by neuraxial opioids.Based on our recent findings on N-methyl-D-aspartate(NMDA)receptors and pruritus caused by neuraxial opioids,we provide new ideas for the treatment of itching caused by neuraxial opioids.Since NMDA receptors may play a key role in neuraxial opioid-induced pruritus,NMDA receptor antagonists can have certain therapeutic advantages.

Allergic reactions to atropine eye drops for retardation of progressive myopia in children

Purpose: To report clinical manifestations of ocular allergy to atropine eye drops used for retardation of progressive myopia in children. Methods: Myopic children, who developed bothersome itching that subsided promptly after cessation of atropine eye drops, were included. History of systemic or ocular allergy, preexisting ocular conditions, and clinical features of allergy were noted. Results: Six children, age 5–15 years, were included. Four developed allergy to 1% atropine sulfate eye drops and two to 0.01% concentration of atropine sulfate. The onset of allergy was within a month to as late as 4 years after using atropine eye drops. The severity of allergy was higher with 1% concentration. The most common symptoms of atropine allergy were itching and burning. The most common signs were lid swelling and hyperemia. The allergic manifestations promptly reversed with the stoppage of eye drops. Reintroduction was possible in three patients, either by reducing the concentration of atropine or using benzalkonium free formulation. Conclusion: Allergy to atropine eye drops in children may develop within a few weeks or after many years of usage. Prompt cessation followed by a reintroduction and continuation of therapy may be possible in few patients.

Microbiota Of Pruritic Ears In Kashmir, India

AIM:To identify microflora of external auditory canal in patients with aural itching and to study susceptibility profiles of pathogenic organisms. Materials & Methods: A total of 194 patients with aural itching were selected. An external auditory canal swab was taken. The samples were emulsified in different media for studying different organisms. Culture and sensitivity was done for the pathogenic organisms. Results: Of the total 194 patients, 107 patients had no growth. Of the remaining 84 cases, 55 patients yielded aerobic bacteria and anaerobes were isolated in 04 cases. Of the aerobes isolated, coagulase negative staphylococcus was isolated from 31 patients, staphylococcus aureus from 17 patients and pseudomonas aeruginosa in 07. Fungi were isolated in 29 cases. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that asteatosis should be considered an etiology in patients with pruritic ears after bacterial and fungal infections have been ruled out. Our study showed that a combination of a topical antibiotic/steroid and oral antihistamine is effective in alleviating the symptoms of pruritic ears